---
title: MySQL
date: 2020-12-16 18:28:43
background: bg-[#2a6387]
tags:
  - RDBMS
  - DB
categories:
  - Database
intro: The SQL cheat sheet provides you with the most commonly used SQL statements for your reference.
plugins:
  - tooltip
  - copyCode
---

## Getting Started {.cols-2}

### Connect MySQL

```
mysql -u <user> -p

mysql [db_name]

mysql -h <host> -P <port> -u <user> -p [db_name]

mysql -h <host> -u <user> -p [db_name]
```

### Commons {.row-span-2}

#### Database

| -                        | -               |
| ------------------------ | --------------- |
| `CREATE DATABASE` db `;` | Create database |
| `SHOW DATABASES;`        | List databases  |
| `USE` db`;`              | Switch to db    |
| `CONNECT` db `;`         | Switch to db    |
| `DROP DATABASE` db`;`    | Delete db       |

#### Table

| -                        | -                          |
| ------------------------ | -------------------------- |
| `SHOW TABLES;`           | List tables for current db |
| `SHOW FIELDS FROM` t`;`  | List fields for a table    |
| `DESC` t`;`              | Show table structure       |
| `SHOW CREATE TABLE `t`;` | Show create table sql      |
| `TRUNCATE TABLE `t`;`    | Remove all data in a table |
| `DROP TABLE `t`;`        | Delete table               |

#### Process

| -                   | -              |
| ------------------- | -------------- |
| `show processlist;` | List processes |
| `kill` pid`;`       | kill process   |

#### Other

| -              | -                  |
| -------------- | ------------------ |
| `exit` or `\q` | Exit MySQL session |

### Backups

Create a backup

```sql
mysqldump -u user -p db_name > db.sql
```

Export db without schema

```{.wrap}
mysqldump -u user -p db_name --no-data=true --add-drop-table=false > db.sql
```

Restore a backup

```
mysql -u user -p db_name < db.sql
```

## MySQL Examples

### Managing tables

Create a new table with three columns

```sql
CREATE TABLE t (
     id    INT,
     name  VARCHAR DEFAULT NOT NULL,
     price INT DEFAULT 0
     PRIMARY KEY(id)
);
```

Delete the table from the database

```sql
DROP TABLE t ;
```

Add a new column to the table

```sql
ALTER TABLE t ADD column;
```

Drop column c from the table

```sql
ALTER TABLE t DROP COLUMN c ;
```

Add a constraint

```sql
ALTER TABLE t ADD constraint;
```

Drop a constraint

```sql
ALTER TABLE t DROP constraint;
```

Rename a table from t1 to t2

```sql
ALTER TABLE t1 RENAME TO t2;
```

Rename column c1 to c2

```sql
ALTER TABLE t1 RENAME c1 TO c2 ;
```

Remove all data in a table

```sql
TRUNCATE TABLE t;
```

### Querying data from a table

Query data in columns c1, c2 from a table

```sql
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t
```

Query all rows and columns from a table

```sql
SELECT * FROM t
```

Query data and filter rows with a condition

```sql
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t
WHERE condition
```

Query distinct rows from a table

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT c1 FROM t
WHERE condition
```

Sort the result set in ascending or descending order

```sql
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t
ORDER BY c1 ASC [DESC]
```

Skip offset of rows and return the next n rows

```sql
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t
ORDER BY c1
LIMIT n OFFSET offset
```

Group rows using an aggregate function

```sql
SELECT c1, aggregate(c2)
FROM t
GROUP BY c1
```

Filter groups using HAVING clause

```sql
SELECT c1, aggregate(c2)
FROM t
GROUP BY c1
HAVING condition
```

### Querying from multiple tables {.row-span-2}

Inner join t1 and t2

```sql
SELECT c1, c2
FROM t1
INNER JOIN t2 ON condition
```

Left join t1 and t1

```sql
SELECT c1, c2
FROM t1
LEFT JOIN t2 ON condition
```

Right join t1 and t2

```sql
SELECT c1, c2
FROM t1
RIGHT JOIN t2 ON condition
```

Perform full outer join

```sql
SELECT c1, c2
FROM t1
FULL OUTER JOIN t2 ON condition
```

Produce a Cartesian product of rows in tables

```sql
SELECT c1, c2
FROM t1
CROSS JOIN t2
```

Another way to perform cross join

```sql
SELECT c1, c2
FROM t1, t2
```

Join t1 to itself using INNER JOIN clause

```sql
SELECT c1, c2
FROM t1 A
INNER JOIN t1 B ON condition
```

Using SQL Operators Combine rows from two queries

```sql
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1
UNION [ALL]
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t2
```

Return the intersection of two queries

```sql
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1
INTERSECT
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t2
```

Subtract a result set from another result set

```sql
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1
MINUS
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t2
```

Query rows using pattern matching %, \_

```sql
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1
WHERE c1 [NOT] LIKE pattern
```

Query rows in a list

```sql
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t
WHERE c1 [NOT] IN value_list
```

Query rows between two values

```sql
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t
WHERE  c1 BETWEEN low AND high
```

Check if values in a table is NULL or not

```sql
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t
WHERE  c1 IS [NOT] NULL
```

### Using SQL constraints

Set c1 and c2 as a primary key

```sql
CREATE TABLE t(
    c1 INT, c2 INT, c3 VARCHAR,
    PRIMARY KEY (c1,c2)
);
```

Set c2 column as a foreign key

```sql
CREATE TABLE t1(
    c1 INT PRIMARY KEY,
    c2 INT,
    FOREIGN KEY (c2) REFERENCES t2(c2)
);
```

Make the values in c1 and c2 unique

```sql
CREATE TABLE t(
    c1 INT, c1 INT,
    UNIQUE(c2,c3)
);
```

Ensure c1 > 0 and values in c1 >= c2

```sql
CREATE TABLE t(
  c1 INT, c2 INT,
  CHECK(c1> 0 AND c1 >= c2)
);
```

Set values in c2 column not NULL

```sql
CREATE TABLE t(
     c1 INT PRIMARY KEY,
     c2 VARCHAR NOT NULL
);
```

### Modifying Data

Insert one row into a table

```sql
INSERT INTO t(column_list)
VALUES(value_list);
```

Insert multiple rows into a table

```sql
INSERT INTO t(column_list)
VALUES (value_list),
       (value_list), …;
```

Insert rows from t2 into t1

```sql
INSERT INTO t1(column_list)
SELECT column_list
FROM t2;
```

Update new value in the column c1 for all rows

```sql
UPDATE t
SET c1 = new_value;
```

Update values in the column c1, c2 that match the condition

```sql
UPDATE t
SET c1 = new_value,
        c2 = new_value
WHERE condition;
```

Delete all data in a table

```sql
DELETE FROM t;
```

Delete subset of rows in a table

```sql
DELETE FROM t
WHERE condition;
```

### Managing Views

Create a new view that consists of c1 and c2

```sql
CREATE VIEW v(c1,c2)
AS
SELECT c1, c2
FROM t;
```

Create a new view with check option

```sql
CREATE VIEW v(c1,c2)
AS
SELECT c1, c2
FROM t;
WITH [CASCADED | LOCAL] CHECK OPTION;
```

Create a recursive view

```sql
CREATE RECURSIVE VIEW v
AS
select-statement -- anchor part
UNION [ALL]
select-statement; -- recursive part
```

Create a temporary view

```sql
CREATE TEMPORARY VIEW v
AS
SELECT c1, c2
FROM t;
```

Delete a view

```sql
DROP VIEW view_name;
```

### Managing triggers

Create or modify a trigger

```sql
CREATE OR MODIFY TRIGGER trigger_name
WHEN EVENT
ON table_name TRIGGER_TYPE
EXECUTE stored_procedure;
```

#### WHEN

| -        | -                              |
| -------- | ------------------------------ |
| `BEFORE` | invoke before the event occurs |
| `AFTER`  | invoke after the event occurs  |

#### EVENT

| -        | -                 |
| -------- | ----------------- |
| `INSERT` | invoke for INSERT |
| `UPDATE` | invoke for UPDATE |
| `DELETE` | invoke for DELETE |

#### TRIGGER_TYPE

| -                    | -   |
| -------------------- | --- |
| `FOR EACH ROW`       |     |
| `FOR EACH STATEMENT` |     |

### Managing indexes

Create an index on c1 and c2 of the t table

```sql
CREATE INDEX idx_name
ON t(c1,c2);
```

Create a unique index on c3, c4 of the t table

```sql
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_name
ON t(c3,c4)
```

Drop an index

```sql
DROP INDEX idx_name ON t;
```

## MySQL Data Types

### Strings

| -            | -                           |
| ------------ | --------------------------- |
| `CHAR`       | String (0 - 255)            |
| `VARCHAR`    | String (0 - 255)            |
| `TINYTEXT`   | String (0 - 255)            |
| `TEXT`       | String (0 - 65535)          |
| `BLOB`       | String (0 - 65535)          |
| `MEDIUMTEXT` | String (0 - 16777215)       |
| `MEDIUMBLOB` | String (0 - 16777215)       |
| `LONGTEXT`   | String (0 - 429496­7295)    |
| `LONGBLOB`   | String (0 - 429496­7295)    |
| `ENUM`       | One of preset options       |
| `SET`        | Selection of preset options |

### Date & time

| Data Type   | Format              |
| ----------- | ------------------- |
| `DATE     ` | yyyy-MM-dd          |
| `TIME     ` | hh:mm:ss            |
| `DATETIME ` | yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss |
| `TIMESTAMP` | yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss |
| `YEAR     ` | yyyy                |

### Numeric

| -             | -                                                             |
| ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `TINYINT x`   | Integer (-128 to 127)                                         |
| `SMALLINT x`  | Integer (-32768 to 32767)                                     |
| `MEDIUMINT x` | Integer (-8388608 to 8388607)                                 |
| `INT x`       | Integer (-2147­483648 to 214748­3647)                         |
| `BIGINT x`    | Integer (-9223­372­036­854­775808 to 922337­203­685­477­5807) |
| `FLOAT`       | Decimal (precise to 23 digits)                                |
| `DOUBLE`      | Decimal (24 to 53 digits)                                     |
| `DECIMAL`     | "­DOU­BLE­" stored as string                                  |

## MySQL Functions & Operators

### Strings {.row-span-2}

<!-- prettier-ignore -->
- [ASCII()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_ascii){data-tooltip="Return numeric value of left-most character"}
- [BIN()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_bin){data-tooltip="Return a string containing binary representation of a number"}
- [BIT_LENGTH()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_bit-length){data-tooltip="Return length of argument in bits"}
- [CHAR()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_char){data-tooltip="Return the character for each integer passed"}
- [CHARACTER_LENGTH()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_character-length){data-tooltip="Synonym for CHAR_LENGTH()"}
- [CHAR_LENGTH()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_char-length){data-tooltip="Return number of characters in argument"}
- [CONCAT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_concat){data-tooltip="Return concatenated string"}
- [CONCAT_WS()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_concat-ws){data-tooltip="Return concatenate with separator"}
- [ELT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_elt){data-tooltip="Return string at index number"}
- [EXPORT_SET()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_export-set){data-tooltip="Return a string such that for every bit set in the value bits, you get an on string and for every unset bit, you get an off string"}
- [FIELD()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_field){data-tooltip="Index (position) of first argument in subsequent arguments"}
- [FIND_IN_SET()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_find-in-set){data-tooltip="Index (position) of first argument within second argument"}
- [FORMAT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_format){data-tooltip="Return a number formatted to specified number of decimal places"}
- [FROM_BASE64()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_from-base64){data-tooltip="Decode base64 encoded string and return result"}
- [HEX()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_hex){data-tooltip="Hexadecimal representation of decimal or string value"}
- [INSERT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_insert){data-tooltip="Insert substring at specified position up to specified number of characters"}
- [INSTR()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_instr){data-tooltip="Return the index of the first occurrence of substring"}
- [LCASE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_lcase){data-tooltip="Synonym for LOWER()"}
- [LEFT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_left){data-tooltip="Return the leftmost number of characters as specified"}
- [LENGTH()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_length){data-tooltip="Return the length of a string in bytes"}
- [LIKE](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-comparison-functions.html#operator_like){data-tooltip="Simple pattern matching"}
- [LOAD_FILE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_load-file){data-tooltip="Load the named file"}
- [LOCATE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_locate){data-tooltip="Return the position of the first occurrence of substring"}
- [LOWER()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_lower){data-tooltip="Return the argument in lowercase"}
- [LPAD()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_lpad){data-tooltip="Return the string argument, left-padded with the specified string"}
- [LTRIM()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_ltrim){data-tooltip="Remove leading spaces"}
- [MAKE_SET()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_make-set){data-tooltip="Return a set of comma-separated strings that have the corresponding bit in bits set"}
- [MATCH](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/fulltext-search.html#function_match){data-tooltip="Perform full-text search"}
- [MID()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_mid){data-tooltip="Return a substring starting from the specified position"}
- [NOT LIKE](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-comparison-functions.html#operator_not-like){data-tooltip="Negation of simple pattern matching"}
- [NOT REGEXP](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/regexp.html#operator_not-regexp){data-tooltip="Negation of REGEXP"}
- [OCT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_oct){data-tooltip="Return a string containing octal representation of a number"}
- [OCTET_LENGTH()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_octet-length){data-tooltip="Synonym for LENGTH()"}
- [ORD()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_ord){data-tooltip="Return character code for leftmost character of the argument"}
- [POSITION()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_position){data-tooltip="Synonym for LOCATE()"}
- [QUOTE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_quote){data-tooltip="Escape the argument for use in an SQL statement"}
- [REGEXP](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/regexp.html#operator_regexp){data-tooltip="Whether string matches regular expression"}
- [REGEXP_INSTR()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/regexp.html#function_regexp-instr){data-tooltip="Starting index of substring matching regular expression"}
- [REGEXP_LIKE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/regexp.html#function_regexp-like){data-tooltip="Whether string matches regular expression"}
- [REGEXP_REPLACE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/regexp.html#function_regexp-replace){data-tooltip="Replace substrings matching regular expression"}
- [REGEXP_SUBSTR()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/regexp.html#function_regexp-substr){data-tooltip="Return substring matching regular expression"}
- [REPEAT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_repeat){data-tooltip="Repeat a string the specified number of times"}
- [REPLACE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_replace){data-tooltip="Replace occurrences of a specified string"}
- [REVERSE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_reverse){data-tooltip="Reverse the characters in a string"}
- [RIGHT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_right){data-tooltip="Return the specified rightmost number of characters"}
- [RLIKE](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/regexp.html#operator_regexp){data-tooltip="Whether string matches regular expression"}
- [RPAD()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_rpad){data-tooltip="Append string the specified number of times"}
- [RTRIM()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_rtrim){data-tooltip="Remove trailing spaces"}
- [SOUNDEX()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_soundex){data-tooltip="Return a soundex string"}
- [SOUNDS LIKE](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#operator_sounds-like){data-tooltip="Compare sounds"}
- [SPACE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_space){data-tooltip="Return a string of the specified number of spaces"}
- [STRCMP()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-comparison-functions.html#function_strcmp){data-tooltip="Compare two strings"}
- [SUBSTR()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_substr){data-tooltip="Return the substring as specified"}
- [SUBSTRING()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_substring){data-tooltip="Return the substring as specified"}
- [SUBSTRING_INDEX()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_substring-index){data-tooltip="Return a substring from a string before the specified number of occurrences of the delimiter"}
- [TO_BASE64()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_to-base64){data-tooltip="Return the argument converted to a base-64 string"}
- [TRIM()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_trim){data-tooltip="Remove leading and trailing spaces"}
- [UCASE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_ucase){data-tooltip="Synonym for UPPER()"}
- [UNHEX()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_unhex){data-tooltip="Return a string containing hex representation of a number"}
- [UPPER()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_upper){data-tooltip="Convert to uppercase"}
- [WEIGHT_STRING()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html#function_weight-string){data-tooltip="Return the weight string for a string"}

{.cols-2 .marker-none}

### Date and Time {.row-span-2}

<!-- prettier-ignore -->
- [ADDDATE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_adddate){data-tooltip="Add time values (intervals) to a date value"}
- [ADDTIME()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_addtime){data-tooltip="Add time"}
- [CONVERT_TZ()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_convert-tz){data-tooltip="Convert from one time zone to another"}
- [CURDATE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_curdate){data-tooltip="Return the current date"}
- [CURRENT_DATE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_current-date){data-tooltip="Synonyms for CURDATE()"}
- [CURRENT_TIME()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_current-time){data-tooltip="Synonyms for CURTIME()"}
- [CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_current-timestamp){data-tooltip="Synonyms for NOW()"}
- [CURTIME()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_curtime){data-tooltip="Return the current time"}
- [DATE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_date){data-tooltip="Extract the date part of a date or datetime expression"}
- [DATE_ADD()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_date-add){data-tooltip="Add time values (intervals) to a date value"}
- [DATE_FORMAT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_date-format){data-tooltip="Format date as specified"}
- [DATE_SUB()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_date-sub){data-tooltip="Subtract a time value (interval) from a date"}
- [DATEDIFF()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_datediff){data-tooltip="Subtract two dates"}
- [DAY()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_day){data-tooltip="Synonym for DAYOFMONTH()"}
- [DAYNAME()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_dayname){data-tooltip="Return the name of the weekday"}
- [DAYOFMONTH()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_dayofmonth){data-tooltip="Return the day of the month (0-31)"}
- [DAYOFWEEK()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_dayofweek){data-tooltip="Return the weekday index of the argument"}
- [DAYOFYEAR()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_dayofyear){data-tooltip="Return the day of the year (1-366)"}
- [EXTRACT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_extract){data-tooltip="Extract part of a date"}
- [FROM_DAYS()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_from-days){data-tooltip="Convert a day number to a date"}
- [FROM_UNIXTIME()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_from-unixtime){data-tooltip="Format Unix timestamp as a date"}
- [GET_FORMAT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_get-format){data-tooltip="Return a date format string"}
- [HOUR()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_hour){data-tooltip="Extract the hour"}
- [LAST_DAY](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_last-day){data-tooltip="Return the last day of the month for the argument"}
- [LOCALTIME()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_localtime){data-tooltip="Synonym for NOW()"}
- [LOCALTIMESTAMP()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_localtimestamp){data-tooltip="Synonym for NOW()"}
- [MAKEDATE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_makedate){data-tooltip="Create a date from the year and day of year"}
- [MAKETIME()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_maketime){data-tooltip="Create time from hour, minute, second"}
- [MICROSECOND()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_microsecond){data-tooltip="Return the microseconds from argument"}
- [MINUTE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_minute){data-tooltip="Return the minute from the argument"}
- [MONTH()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_month){data-tooltip="Return the month from the date passed"}
- [MONTHNAME()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_monthname){data-tooltip="Return the name of the month"}
- [NOW()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_now){data-tooltip="Return the current date and time"}
- [PERIOD_ADD()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_period-add){data-tooltip="Add a period to a year-month"}
- [PERIOD_DIFF()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_period-diff){data-tooltip="Return the number of months between periods"}
- [QUARTER()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_quarter){data-tooltip="Return the quarter from a date argument"}
- [SEC_TO_TIME()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_sec-to-time){data-tooltip="Converts seconds to 'hh:mm:ss' format"}
- [SECOND()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_second){data-tooltip="Return the second (0-59)"}
- [STR_TO_DATE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_str-to-date){data-tooltip="Convert a string to a date"}
- [SUBDATE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_subdate){data-tooltip="Synonym for DATE_SUB() when invoked with three arguments"}
- [SUBTIME()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_subtime){data-tooltip="Subtract times"}
- [SYSDATE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_sysdate){data-tooltip="Return the time at which the function executes"}
- [TIME()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_time){data-tooltip="Extract the time portion of the expression passed"}
- [TIME_FORMAT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_time-format){data-tooltip="Format as time"}
- [TIME_TO_SEC()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_time-to-sec){data-tooltip="Return the argument converted to seconds"}
- [TIMEDIFF()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_timediff){data-tooltip="Subtract time"}
- [TIMESTAMP()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_timestamp){data-tooltip="With a single argument, this function returns the date or datetime expression; with two arguments, the sum of the arguments"}
- [TIMESTAMPADD()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_timestampadd){data-tooltip="Add an interval to a datetime expression"}
- [TIMESTAMPDIFF()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_timestampdiff){data-tooltip="Subtract an interval from a datetime expression"}
- [TO_DAYS()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_to-days){data-tooltip="Return the date argument converted to days"}
- [TO_SECONDS()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_to-seconds){data-tooltip="Return the date or datetime argument converted to seconds since Year 0"}
- [UNIX_TIMESTAMP()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_unix-timestamp){data-tooltip="Return a Unix timestamp"}
- [UTC_DATE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_utc-date){data-tooltip="Return the current UTC date"}
- [UTC_TIME()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_utc-time){data-tooltip="Return the current UTC time"}
- [UTC_TIMESTAMP()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_utc-timestamp){data-tooltip="Return the current UTC date and time"}
- [WEEK()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_week){data-tooltip="Return the week number"}
- [WEEKDAY()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_weekday){data-tooltip="Return the weekday index"}
- [WEEKOFYEAR()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_weekofyear){data-tooltip="Return the calendar week of the date (1-53)"}
- [YEAR()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_year){data-tooltip="Return the year"}
- [YEARWEEK()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_yearweek){data-tooltip="Return the year and week"}
- [GET_FORMAT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_get-format){data-tooltip="'%m.%d.%Y'"}

{.cols-2 .marker-none}

### Numeric

<!-- prettier-ignore -->
- [%, MOD](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/arithmetic-functions.html#operator_mod){data-tooltip="Modulo operator"}
- [*](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/arithmetic-functions.html#operator_times){data-tooltip="Multiplication operator"}
- [+](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/arithmetic-functions.html#operator_plus){data-tooltip="Addition operator"}
- [-](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/arithmetic-functions.html#operator_minus){data-tooltip="Minus operator"}
- [-](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/arithmetic-functions.html#operator_unary-minus){data-tooltip="Change the sign of the argument"}
- [/](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/arithmetic-functions.html#operator_divide){data-tooltip="Division operator"}
- [ABS()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_abs){data-tooltip="Return the absolute value"}
- [ACOS()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_acos){data-tooltip="Return the arc cosine"}
- [ASIN()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_asin){data-tooltip="Return the arc sine"}
- [ATAN()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_atan){data-tooltip="Return the arc tangent"}
- [ATAN2(), ATAN()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_atan2){data-tooltip="Return the arc tangent of the two arguments"}
- [CEIL()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_ceil){data-tooltip="Return the smallest integer value not less than the argument"}
- [CEILING()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_ceiling){data-tooltip="Return the smallest integer value not less than the argument"}
- [CONV()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_conv){data-tooltip="Convert numbers between different number bases"}
- [COS()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_cos){data-tooltip="Return the cosine"}
- [COT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_cot){data-tooltip="Return the cotangent"}
- [CRC32()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_crc32){data-tooltip="Compute a cyclic redundancy check value"}
- [DEGREES()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_degrees){data-tooltip="Convert radians to degrees"}
- [DIV](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/arithmetic-functions.html#operator_div){data-tooltip="Integer division"}
- [EXP()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_exp){data-tooltip="Raise to the power of"}
- [FLOOR()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_floor){data-tooltip="Return the largest integer value not greater than the argument"}
- [LN()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_ln){data-tooltip="Return the natural logarithm of the argument"}
- [LOG()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_log){data-tooltip="Return the natural logarithm of the first argument"}
- [LOG10()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_log10){data-tooltip="Return the base-10 logarithm of the argument"}
- [LOG2()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_log2){data-tooltip="Return the base-2 logarithm of the argument"}
- [MOD()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_mod){data-tooltip="Return the remainder"}
- [PI()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_pi){data-tooltip="Return the value of pi"}
- [POW()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_pow){data-tooltip="Return the argument raised to the specified power"}
- [POWER()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_power){data-tooltip="Return the argument raised to the specified power"}
- [RADIANS()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_radians){data-tooltip="Return argument converted to radians"}
- [RAND()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_rand){data-tooltip="Return a random floating-point value"}
- [ROUND()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_round){data-tooltip="Round the argument"}
- [SIGN()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_sign){data-tooltip="Return the sign of the argument"}
- [SIN()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_sin){data-tooltip="Return the sine of the argument"}
- [SQRT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_sqrt){data-tooltip="Return the square root of the argument"}
- [TAN()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_tan){data-tooltip="Return the tangent of the argument"}
- [TRUNCATE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mathematical-functions.html#function_truncate){data-tooltip="Truncate to specified number of decimal places"}

{.cols-2 .marker-none}

### Aggregate

<!-- prettier-ignore -->
- [AVG()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_avg){data-tooltip="Return the average value of the argument"}
- [BIT_AND()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_bit-and){data-tooltip="Return bitwise AND"}
- [BIT_OR()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_bit-or){data-tooltip="Return bitwise OR"}
- [BIT_XOR()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_bit-xor){data-tooltip="Return bitwise XOR"}
- [COUNT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_count){data-tooltip="Return a count of the number of rows returned"}
- [COUNT(DISTINCT)](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_count-distinct){data-tooltip="Return the count of a number of different values"}
- [GROUP_CONCAT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_group-concat){data-tooltip="Return a concatenated string"}
- [JSON_ARRAYAGG()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_json-arrayagg){data-tooltip="Return result set as a single JSON array"}
- [JSON_OBJECTAGG()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_json-objectagg){data-tooltip="Return result set as a single JSON object"}
- [MAX()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_max){data-tooltip="Return the maximum value"}
- [MIN()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_min){data-tooltip="Return the minimum value"}
- [STD()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_std){data-tooltip="Return the population standard deviation"}
- [STDDEV()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_stddev){data-tooltip="Return the population standard deviation"}
- [STDDEV_POP()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_stddev-pop){data-tooltip="Return the population standard deviation"}
- [STDDEV_SAMP()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_stddev-samp){data-tooltip="Return the sample standard deviation"}
- [SUM()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_sum){data-tooltip="Return the sum"}
- [VAR_POP()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_var-pop){data-tooltip="Return the population standard variance"}
- [VAR_SAMP()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_var-samp){data-tooltip="Return the sample variance"}
- [VARIANCE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_variance){data-tooltip="Return the population standard variance"}

{.cols-2 .marker-none}

### JSON {.row-span-4}

<!-- prettier-ignore -->
- [->](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-search-functions.html#operator_json-column-path){data-tooltip="Return value from JSON column after evaluating path; equivalent to JSON_EXTRACT()."}
- [->>](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-search-functions.html#operator_json-inline-path){data-tooltip="Return value from JSON column after evaluating path and unquoting the result; equivalent to JSON_UNQUOTE(JSON_EXTRACT())."}
- [JSON_ARRAY()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-creation-functions.html#function_json-array){data-tooltip="Create JSON array"}
- [JSON_ARRAY_APPEND()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-modification-functions.html#function_json-array-append){data-tooltip="Append data to JSON document"}
- [JSON_ARRAY_INSERT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-modification-functions.html#function_json-array-insert){data-tooltip="Insert into JSON array"}
- [JSON_CONTAINS()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-search-functions.html#function_json-contains){data-tooltip="Whether JSON document contains specific object at path"}
- [JSON_CONTAINS_PATH()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-search-functions.html#function_json-contains-path){data-tooltip="Whether JSON document contains any data at path"}
- [JSON_DEPTH()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-attribute-functions.html#function_json-depth){data-tooltip="Maximum depth of JSON document"}
- [JSON_EXTRACT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-search-functions.html#function_json-extract){data-tooltip="Return data from JSON document"}
- [JSON_INSERT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-modification-functions.html#function_json-insert){data-tooltip="Insert data into JSON document"}
- [JSON_KEYS()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-search-functions.html#function_json-keys){data-tooltip="Array of keys from JSON document"}
- [JSON_LENGTH()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-attribute-functions.html#function_json-length){data-tooltip="Number of elements in JSON document"}
- [JSON_MERGE() (deprecated)](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-modification-functions.html#function_json-merge){data-tooltip="Merge JSON documents, preserving duplicate keys. Deprecated synonym for JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE()"}
- [JSON_MERGE_PATCH()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-modification-functions.html#function_json-merge-patch){data-tooltip="Merge JSON documents, replacing values of duplicate keys"}
- [JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-modification-functions.html#function_json-merge-preserve){data-tooltip="Merge JSON documents, preserving duplicate keys"}
- [JSON_OBJECT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-creation-functions.html#function_json-object){data-tooltip="Create JSON object"}
- [JSON_OVERLAPS() (introduced 8.0.17)](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-search-functions.html#function_json-overlaps){data-tooltip="Compares two JSON documents, returns TRUE (1) if these have any key-value pairs or array elements in common, otherwise FALSE (0)"}
- [JSON_PRETTY()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-utility-functions.html#function_json-pretty){data-tooltip="Print a JSON document in human-readable format"}
- [JSON_QUOTE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-creation-functions.html#function_json-quote){data-tooltip="Quote JSON document"}
- [JSON_REMOVE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-modification-functions.html#function_json-remove){data-tooltip="Remove data from JSON document"}
- [JSON_REPLACE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-modification-functions.html#function_json-replace){data-tooltip="Replace values in JSON document"}
- [JSON_SCHEMA_VALID() (introduced 8.0.17)](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-validation-functions.html#function_json-schema-valid){data-tooltip="Validate JSON document against JSON schema; returns TRUE/1 if document validates against schema, or FALSE/0 if it does not"}
- [JSON_SCHEMA_VALIDATION_REPORT() (introduced 8.0.17)](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-validation-functions.html#function_json-schema-validation-report){data-tooltip="Validate JSON document against JSON schema; returns report in JSON format on outcome on validation including success or failure and reasons for failure"}
- [JSON_SEARCH()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-search-functions.html#function_json-search){data-tooltip="Path to value within JSON document"}
- [JSON_SET()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-modification-functions.html#function_json-set){data-tooltip="Insert data into JSON document"}
- [JSON_STORAGE_FREE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-utility-functions.html#function_json-storage-free){data-tooltip="Freed space within binary representation of JSON column value following partial update"}
- [JSON_STORAGE_SIZE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-utility-functions.html#function_json-storage-size){data-tooltip="Space used for storage of binary representation of a JSON document"}
- [JSON_TABLE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-table-functions.html#function_json-table){data-tooltip="Return data from a JSON expression as a relational table"}
- [JSON_TYPE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-attribute-functions.html#function_json-type){data-tooltip="Type of JSON value"}
- [JSON_UNQUOTE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-modification-functions.html#function_json-unquote){data-tooltip="Unquote JSON value"}
- [JSON_VALID()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-attribute-functions.html#function_json-valid){data-tooltip="Whether JSON value is valid"}
- [JSON_VALUE() (introduced 8.0.21)](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-search-functions.html#function_json-value){data-tooltip="Extract value from JSON document at location pointed to by path provided; return this value as VARCHAR(512) or specified type"}
- [MEMBER OF() (introduced 8.0.17)](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-search-functions.html#operator_member-of){data-tooltip="Returns true (1) if first operand matches any element of JSON array passed as second operand, otherwise returns false (0)"}

{.cols-1 .marker-none}

### Cast

<!-- prettier-ignore -->
- [BINARY](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/cast-functions.html#operator_binary){data-tooltip="Cast a string to a binary string"}
- [CAST()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/cast-functions.html#function_cast){data-tooltip="Cast a value as a certain type"}
- [CONVERT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/cast-functions.html#function_convert){data-tooltip="Cast a value as a certain type"}

{.cols-2 .marker-none}

### Flow Control

<!-- prettier-ignore -->
- [CASE](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/flow-control-functions.html#operator_case){data-tooltip="Case operator"}
- [IF()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/flow-control-functions.html#function_if){data-tooltip="If/else construct"}
- [IFNULL()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/flow-control-functions.html#function_ifnull){data-tooltip="Null if/else construct"}
- [NULLIF()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/flow-control-functions.html#function_nullif){data-tooltip="Return NULL if expr1 = expr2"}

{.cols-2 .marker-none}

### Information

<!-- prettier-ignore -->
- [BENCHMARK()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-functions.html#function_benchmark){data-tooltip="Repeatedly execute an expression"}
- [CHARSET()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-functions.html#function_charset){data-tooltip="Return the character set of the argument"}
- [COERCIBILITY()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-functions.html#function_coercibility){data-tooltip="Return the collation coercibility value of the string argument"}
- [COLLATION()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-functions.html#function_collation){data-tooltip="Return the collation of the string argument"}
- [CONNECTION_ID()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-functions.html#function_connection-id){data-tooltip="Return the connection ID (thread ID) for the connection"}
- [CURRENT_ROLE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-functions.html#function_current-role){data-tooltip="Return the current active roles"}
- [CURRENT_USER()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-functions.html#function_current-user){data-tooltip="The authenticated user name and host name"}
- [DATABASE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-functions.html#function_database){data-tooltip="Return the default (current) database name"}
- [FOUND_ROWS()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-functions.html#function_found-rows){data-tooltip="For a SELECT with a LIMIT clause, the number of rows that would be returned were there no LIMIT clause"}
- [ICU_VERSION()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-functions.html#function_icu-version){data-tooltip="ICU library version"}
- [LAST_INSERT_ID()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-functions.html#function_last-insert-id){data-tooltip="Value of the AUTOINCREMENT column for the last INSERT"}
- [ROLES_GRAPHML()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-functions.html#function_roles-graphml){data-tooltip="Return a GraphML document representing memory role subgraphs"}
- [ROW_COUNT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-functions.html#function_row-count){data-tooltip="The number of rows updated"}
- [SCHEMA()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-functions.html#function_schema){data-tooltip="Synonym for DATABASE()"}
- [SESSION_USER()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-functions.html#function_session-user){data-tooltip="Synonym for USER()"}
- [SYSTEM_USER()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-functions.html#function_system-user){data-tooltip="Synonym for USER()"}
- [USER()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-functions.html#function_user){data-tooltip="The user name and host name provided by the client"}
- [VERSION()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-functions.html#function_version){data-tooltip="Return a string that indicates the MySQL server version"}

{.cols-2 .marker-none}

### Encryption and Compression

<!-- prettier-ignore -->
- [AES_DECRYPT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/encryption-functions.html#function_aes-decrypt){data-tooltip="Decrypt using AES"}
- [AES_ENCRYPT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/encryption-functions.html#function_aes-encrypt){data-tooltip="Encrypt using AES"}
- [COMPRESS()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/encryption-functions.html#function_compress){data-tooltip="Return result as a binary string"}
- [MD5()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/encryption-functions.html#function_md5){data-tooltip="Calculate MD5 checksum"}
- [RANDOM_BYTES()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/encryption-functions.html#function_random-bytes){data-tooltip="Return a random byte vector"}
- [SHA1(), SHA()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/encryption-functions.html#function_sha1){data-tooltip="Calculate an SHA-1 160-bit checksum"}
- [SHA2()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/encryption-functions.html#function_sha2){data-tooltip="Calculate an SHA-2 checksum"}
- [STATEMENT_DIGEST()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/encryption-functions.html#function_statement-digest){data-tooltip="Compute statement digest hash value"}
- [STATEMENT_DIGEST_TEXT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/encryption-functions.html#function_statement-digest-text){data-tooltip="Compute normalized statement digest"}
- [UNCOMPRESS()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/encryption-functions.html#function_uncompress){data-tooltip="Uncompress a string compressed"}
- [UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/encryption-functions.html#function_uncompressed-length){data-tooltip="Return the length of a string before compression"}
- [VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/encryption-functions.html#function_validate-password-strength){data-tooltip="Determine strength of password"}

{.cols-1 .marker-none}

### Locking

<!-- prettier-ignore -->
- [GET_LOCK()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/locking-functions.html#function_get-lock){data-tooltip="Get a named lock"}
- [IS_FREE_LOCK()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/locking-functions.html#function_is-free-lock){data-tooltip="Whether the named lock is free"}
- [IS_USED_LOCK()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/locking-functions.html#function_is-used-lock){data-tooltip="Whether the named lock is in use; return connection identifier if true"}
- [RELEASE_ALL_LOCKS()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/locking-functions.html#function_release-all-locks){data-tooltip="Release all current named locks"}
- [RELEASE_LOCK()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/locking-functions.html#function_release-lock){data-tooltip="Release the named lock"}

{.cols-1 .marker-none}

### Bit

<!-- prettier-ignore -->
- [&](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/bit-functions.html#operator_bitwise-and){data-tooltip="Bitwise AND"}
- [>>](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/bit-functions.html#operator_right-shift){data-tooltip="Right shift"}
- [<<](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/bit-functions.html#operator_left-shift){data-tooltip="Left shift"}
- [^](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/bit-functions.html#operator_bitwise-xor){data-tooltip="Bitwise XOR"}
- [BIT_COUNT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/bit-functions.html#function_bit-count){data-tooltip="Return the number of bits that are set"}
- [|](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/bit-functions.html#operator_bitwise-or){data-tooltip="Bitwise OR"}
- [~](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/bit-functions.html#operator_bitwise-invert){data-tooltip="Bitwise inversion"}

{.cols-2 .marker-none}

### Miscellaneous

<!-- prettier-ignore -->
- [ANY_VALUE()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_any-value){data-tooltip="Suppress ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY value rejection"}
- [BIN_TO_UUID()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_bin-to-uuid){data-tooltip="Convert binary UUID to string"}
- [DEFAULT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_default){data-tooltip="Return the default value for a table column"}
- [GROUPING()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_grouping){data-tooltip="Distinguish super-aggregate ROLLUP rows from regular rows"}
- [INET_ATON()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_inet-aton){data-tooltip="Return the numeric value of an IP address"}
- [INET_NTOA()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_inet-ntoa){data-tooltip="Return the IP address from a numeric value"}
- [INET6_ATON()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_inet6-aton){data-tooltip="Return the numeric value of an IPv6 address"}
- [INET6_NTOA()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_inet6-ntoa){data-tooltip="Return the IPv6 address from a numeric value"}
- [IS_IPV4()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_is-ipv4){data-tooltip="Whether argument is an IPv4 address"}
- [IS_IPV4_COMPAT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_is-ipv4-compat){data-tooltip="Whether argument is an IPv4-compatible address"}
- [IS_IPV4_MAPPED()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_is-ipv4-mapped){data-tooltip="Whether argument is an IPv4-mapped address"}
- [IS_IPV6()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_is-ipv6){data-tooltip="Whether argument is an IPv6 address"}
- [IS_UUID()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_is-uuid){data-tooltip="Whether argument is a valid UUID"}
- [MASTER_POS_WAIT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_master-pos-wait){data-tooltip="Block until the replica has read and applied all updates up to the specified position"}
- [NAME_CONST()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_name-const){data-tooltip="Cause the column to have the given name"}
- [SLEEP()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_sleep){data-tooltip="Sleep for a number of seconds"}
- [UUID()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_uuid){data-tooltip="Return a Universal Unique Identifier (UUID)"}
- [UUID_SHORT()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_uuid-short){data-tooltip="Return an integer-valued universal identifier"}
- [UUID_TO_BIN()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_uuid-to-bin){data-tooltip="Convert string UUID to binary"}
- [VALUES()](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_values){data-tooltip="Define the values to be used during an INSERT"}

{.cols-2 .marker-none}

## Also see {.cols-1}

- [Regex in MySQL](/regex#regex-in-mysql) _(cheatsheets.zip)_